Essential arterial hypertension (EAH) risk assessment in carriers of the NOS2 gene variants ( rs1800482 (-954G>C), rs3730017 (C>T)) was studied. The risk for EAH developing was higher in 1.7 times among subjects carrying C-allele ( rs1800482 ). The carrier of the T-allele ( rs3730017 ) had a protective effect on the disease development. The presence of the C-allele ( rs1800482 ) in the genotype of patients with EAH was associated with a higher content of nitrogen oxide metabolites in the blood plasma. It was revealed a positive correlation between NO products (nitrites and nitrates) in the plasma and VCAM1 , ICAM1 intercellular adhesion genes transcripts level in peripheral blood leucocytes. We found the influence of the C-allele carrier on the VCAM1 and ICAM1 expression in patients with EAH. It has been suggested this polymorphic site in the NOS2 gene may be involved in endothelial dysfunction and EAH development through NO level regulation under inflammation.